Friday, May 8, 2020
Taking Laptops in College Class Essay Topics
Taking Laptops in College Class Essay TopicsSome of the best way to think about when you're planning to take laptops in college class essay topics is to look at your own experiences and what your potential audience will need to understand, and then make sure that they get the point. No matter how many people are taking it, you can't forget that everyone has their own reason for studying.I don't think that this has ever occurred to any of the students in my classes. When I was at University, I studied for a long time on my own, because the students had no laptops. But the results were interesting.Some of the students did not care much about studying, but the rest of the students were just struggling with it. They found it very difficult to do it, but then you will find that other students who did study as usual, are doing very well, despite the fact that their professors do not tell them so. So the point is, that you have to prepare your essay in a way that allows for you to excel. If you want to excel, you have to take laptops in college class essay topics as the most effective method.It has been reported that people who study a lot in the classroom do better in the tests, even if they are using the same text as you. So if you take laptops in college class essay topics, you should think about this and use the same book as well as the texts that you will use in the essay. You should also make sure that you try to incorporate your own opinions into the text so that you can show your expertise to the reader.The other thing that you have to do is to look at the text as written, and see how you can relate it to your personal experiences. If you are still able to demonstrate your expertise in the text, you can take laptops in college class essay topics and you can have fun with it.Tlaptops in college class essay topics There are many students who have given very good presentations at the lectures. Even if they know nothing about the topic, they can still give a pres entation of their expertise, and this is the best essay that you can read in an assignment.When you take laptops in college class essay topics, remember that there are many ways that you can demonstrate your proficiency in the subject. Look for the topics that you are interested in but also focus on the one that you think are the most challenging.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Essay on Chapter 4 Solutions - 3079 Words
Chapter 04 Analyzing Investing Activities Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following would rarely be classified as a current asset? A. Prepaid insurance B. Goodwill C. Marketable Securities D. Work-in-progress 2. Which of the following would not be classified as a current asset? A. Inventory B. Accounts payable C. Accounts receivable D. Prepaid expenses 3. An asset is considered to be liquid if: A. it is readily converted into a current asset. B. it is an intangible asset. C. it is readily converted into cash. D. it is part of retained earnings. 4. Analysis of a companys assets will help evaluate its: I. liquidity. II. solvency. III. operational capacity. IV financing ability. A.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦A. Goodwill B. Customer lists C. Prepaid advertising expenses D. Memberships 19. Target Inc. has 30M shares outstanding and trades at $50 per share. Target has net identifiable assets with a book value of $1,000M and a fair value of $1,200M. Acquirer Corporation purchases all of Target Inc. stock for $60 per share. How much will Acquirer record as goodwill upon acquiring Target? A. 300M B. 500M C. 600M D. 800M 20. Which of the following is incorrect with respect to recognized goodwill on the balance sheet? A. It should not be amortized over 30 years. B. It arises when another company is purchased or when internally generated. C. It should be written-down if the future benefits no longer exist. D. It may be negative. 21. Under current US GAAP, goodwill is: I. amortized over a period not to exceed 40 years. II. tested annually for impairment. III. exclusive of separately identifiable intangible assets. IV. recorded only upon purchase of another entity. A. I, II, III and IV B. II, III and IV C. I, II and III D. II and IV The following information can be found in Manufacturer Companys financial statements. 22. If Manufacturer used FIFO its retained earnings as of the end of fiscal 2006 would be: A. $ 540,000 B. $ 440,000 C. $ 524,000 D. $ 506,000 23. If Manufacturer used FIFO its Net Income for fiscal 2006 would be: A. $ 165,000 B. $ 149,000 C. $ 135,000 D. $ 131,000 24. Look Good Corporation hasShow MoreRelatedChapter 4 Solutions Essay1016 Words à |à 5 Pagesreversals for 2008 remain unchanged (â⠬ 595 million), the adjusted provision for bad debts is â⠬ 488 million (1,662 ââ¬â 1,769 + 595). Because the unadjusted provision for 2007 was â⠬ 547 million, decrease Cost of Sales for 2008 by â⠬ 59 million (547 ââ¬â 488). 4. Increase the tax expense and net profit. Given the tax rate of 30.5 percent, the Tax Expense for 2008 would increase by â⠬ 18 million (.305 Ãâ" 59), whereas Net Profit would increase by â⠬ 41 million ([1 ââ¬â .305] Ãâ" 59).Read MoreSolutions to Homework Assignments: Chapter 43192 Words à |à 13 PagesSolutions to Homework Assignments: Chapter 4 6. 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Interest is then computed on the monthlyRead MoreEssay on Financial Statement Analysis 10th Chapter 4 Solution14065 Words à |à 57 PagesChapter 4 Analyzing Investing Activities REVIEW Assets are the driving forces of profitability for a company. Assets produce revenues that compensate workers, repay lenders, reward owners, and fund growth. Current assets are resources or claims to resources readily convertible to cash. Major current assets include cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, receivables, derivative financial instruments, inventories, and prepaid expenses. Our analysis of current assets providesRead MoreChapter 4 Solutions Managerial Accounting 12e Garrison Noreen Brewer2228 Words à |à 9 PagesChapter 4 Systems Design: Process Costing Solutions to Questions 4-1 A process costing system should be used in situations where a homogeneous product is produced on a continuous basis. ished goods) during the period plus the equivalent units in the departmentââ¬â¢s ending work in process inventory. 4-2 1. Job-order costing and process costing have the same basic purposesââ¬âto assign materials, labor, and overhead cost to products and to provide a mechanism for computing unit product costs. 2. Both systemsRead MoreStatistics for Business and economics 10e homework solutions chapter 4, 5 61230 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿ Please complete the following problems in a Word document. Each problem is worth 3 points.à Chapter 4: 12, 14, 40 Chapter 5: 10, 22, 28 Chapter 6: 6, 16, 20, 24 Chapter 4 12. The Powerball lottery is played twice each week in 28 states, the Virgin Islands, and the District of Columbia. To play Powerball a participant must purchase a ticket and then select five numbers from the digits 1 through 55 and a Powerball number from the digits 1 through 42. To determine the winning numbers for each gameRead MoreIntroduction to Computers1242 Words à |à 5 PagesPeter Nortonââ¬â¢s Introduction to Computers, 6e End of Chapter Solutions Chapter 3 Chapter 3; Lesson A Solutions Key Term Quiz 1. In computer use, the skill of typing is often referred to as _________________. 2. IBM-compatible PCs have 10 or 12 _________________ keys. 3. In many programs, an on-screen symbol called a(n) __________________ or a(n) _________________ shows you where you are in a document. 4. A(n) _________________ is a temporary storage area that holds data until the CPU isRead MoreThe Wicked Problem Of A General Theory Of Planning1065 Words à |à 5 Pages 3 Chapter 1: introduction 4 Chapter 2: Review on ââ¬Å"Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planningâ⬠5 Chapter 3: Strategies 6 Chapter 4: Ethical principles 7 Chapter 5: Example of a ââ¬Å"wicked problemâ⬠Read MoreGary Dessler Human Resource Management 14th Edition1672 Words à |à 7 PagesThermodynamics For Engineers Wark Solution Manual, Mcdougal Biology Chapter Review Answers, Electrostatics Class 12 Ncert Solutions, Solution Of Quantum Mechanics By Liboff, Everfi Module Taxes And Insurance Answers, Econ 101 Final Exam Answers, Chapter3 Review The Biosphere Answers, Adverbs Answer What Four Questions, Answer Key Of Medical Terminology 5th Edition, Answers To Chemical Quantities Answer Key, Popular Films Word Search Answers, Petnetsolutions Com Petnet Solutions Siemens, The Crucible UnitRead MoreFinance And Banking Industry Uses1360 Words à |à 6 PagesDM solutions can be applied to different kinds of organisations, in diverse fields such as biotechnology, finance, sports, manufacturing, retail and education. These solutions are mostly integrated with decision support systems. The following are a few examples of DM solutions [84]: Finance - The finance and banking industry uses DM solutions to determine customer loyalty and the credit risk of customers. DMsolutions help the industry with money laundering investigations and enable customised plans
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Fast Food - a Silent Killer free essay sample
Fast Food ââ¬â A Silent Killer Its recognized that fast food isnt healthy or nutritious at all and as a matter of fact, its completely harmful to you. Therefore it is crucial for you to know about fast food nutrition details that will help you become more conscious of the unknown dangers of eating fast foods which can be even worse than you may ever have thought possible. Americans have for ages been familiar with consuming fast foods and recently, this problem has also spread to the rest of the globe. Hence, becoming acquainted with junk food nutrition information is necessary for not just Americans and people residing in the western world, but in addition for people living in the third world countries where this fad has quickly caught on and is consequently affecting the more affluent in those parts of the world too. Fast food will make an individual fat and it is also the key cause for obesity in the USA with even kids not being spared. We will write a custom essay sample on Fast Food a Silent Killer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You can easily understand from taking a look at junk food nutrition details that these foods are full of fat and are packed with calories. Although Americans have to eat not more than sixty-five grams of fat plus that their calorie count shouldnt exceed two thousand, dependent of age and how much they exercise, when they consume fast foods, they would find themselves consuming much more than the suggested levels. Statistically, this is often 30 percent or more above the ideal level. Hence, a meal that is made of a McDonalds Big Mac together with some french fries and a shake would cost you fifty-seven grams of fat in addition to twelve hundred calories, which will make sure that you will be unable to stay within the required limits. Often you might consume more than this mini-meal and should you go for a super size meal, you would certainly take in a lot more than you should. Whenever the unwanted fat and calories stay in your body, youd just end up doing lots of damage to your body and its health. By doing this you pay a large price for having satisfied a short-term urge to please your taste buds. Moreover, you can see out of available junk food nutrition specifics that fast foods do not contain sufficient basic fibers and nutrients and there are insufficient vitamins contained as well, all of which are crucial for a persons health and well-being. After you have carefully learn about these fast food nutrition specifics, youd probably realize that the threat to your health is usually hidden and therefore fast foods will act as some sort of silent killer which can even result in early death.
Saturday, April 18, 2020
Organizational change free essay sample
Organizational change is an ongoing process with important implications for organizational effectiveness. An organization and its members must be constantly on the alert for changes from within the organization and from the outside environment, and they must learn how to adjust to change quickly and effectively. Organizational change is the movement of an organization away from its present state and toward some future state to increase its effectiveness. Forces for organizational change include competitive forces; economic, political, and global forces; demographic and social forces; and ethical forces. Organizations are often reluctant to change because resistance to change at the organization, group, and individual levels has given rise to organizational inertia. Sources of organization-level resistance to change include power and conflict, differences in functional orientation, mechanistic structure, and organizational culture. Sources of group-level resistance to change include group norms, group cohesiveness, and groupthink and escalation of commitment. Sources of individual-level resistance to change include uncertainty and insecurity, selective perception and retention, and habit. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational change or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to Lewinââ¬â¢s force-field theory of change, organizations are balanced between forces pushing for change and forces resistant to change. To get an organization to change, managers must find a way to increase the forces for change, reduce resistance to change, or do both simultaneously. Types of change fall into two broad categories: evolutionary and revolutionary. The main instruments of evolutionary change are sociotechnical systems theory, total quality management, and the development of flexible workers and work teams. The main instruments of revolutionary change are reengineering, restructuring, and innovation. Often, the revolutionary types of change that result from restructuring and reengineering are necessary only because an organization and its managers ignored or were unaware of changes in the environment and did not make incremental changes as needed. Action research is a strategy that managers can use to plan the change process. The main steps in action research are (a) diagnosis and analysis of the organization, (b) determining the desired future state, (c) implementing action, (d) evaluating the action, and (e) institutionalizing action research. Organizational development (OD) is a series of techniques and methods to increase the adaptability of organizations. OD techniques can be used to overcome resistance to change and to help the organization to change itself. OD techniques for dealing with resistance to change include education and communication, participation and empowerment, facilitation, bargaining and negotiation, manipulation, and coercion. OD techniques for promoting change include, at the individual level, counseling, sensitivity training, and process consultation; at the group level, team building and intergroup training; and at the organizational level, organizational confrontation meetings. CHAPTER OUTLINE 10. 1 What Is Organizational Change? Organizational change is the process by which organizations move from their current or present state to some desired future state to increase their effectiveness. An organization in decline may need to restructure its competences and resources to improve its fit with a changing environment. Even thriving, high-performing organizations such as Google, Apple, and Facebook need to continuously change the way they operate over time to meet ongoing challenges. Targets of Change Organizational change includes changes in four areas: 1. Human resources are an organizationââ¬â¢s most important asset. Because these skills and abilities give an organization a competitive advantage, organizations must continually monitor their structures to find the most effective way of motivating and organizing human resources to acquire and use their skills. Changes made in human resources include investment in training, socializing employees, changing norms to motivate a diverse workforce, monitoring promotion and reward systems, and changing top management. 2. Each organizational function needs to develop procedures that allow it to manage the particular environment it faces. Crucial functions grow in importance while those whose usefulness is declining shrink. Thus, key functions grow in importance. Organizations can change structure, culture, and technology to improve the value created by functions. 3 Organizational change often involves changing the relationships between people and functions to increase their ability to create value. 10. 2 Forces for and Resistance to Organizational Change Forces for Change If managers are slow to respond to the forces of change, the organization will lag behind its competitors and its effectiveness will be compromised. (Refer to Figure 10. 1) Competitive forces spur change, because unless an organization matches or surpasses its competitors it will not survive. Managing change is crucial when competing for customers. To lead on the dimensions of efficiency or quality, an organization must constantly adopt the latest technology as it becomes available. To lead on the dimension of innovation and obtain a technological advantage over competitors, a company must possess skills in managing the process of innovation. Economic, political, and global forces, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) or other economic unions, are significant forces of change. The European Union (EU) includes over 27 members eager to take advantage of a large protected market. Global challenges facing organizations include the need to change an organizational structure to allow expansion into foreign markets, the need to adapt to a variety of national cultures, and the need to help expatriate managers adapt to the economic, political, and cultural values of the countries in which they are located. Demographic and social forces include an increasingly diverse workforce. Changes in the demographic characteristics of the workforce require managers to change their styles of managing all employees and to learn how to understand, supervise, and motivate diverse members effectively. Many workers want to balance work and leisure. Managers need to abandon stereotypes and accept the importance of equity in the recruitment and promotion of new hires. Ethical forces such as increasing government, political, and social demands for more responsible and honest corporate behavior are compelling organizations to promote ethical behavior. Many companies have created the position of ethics officer. If organizations operate in countries that pay little attention to human rights or to the well-being of organizational members, they have to learn how to change these standards and to protect their overseas employees. Resistances to Change Resistance to change lowers an organizationââ¬â¢s effectiveness and reduces its chances of survival. Resistances or impediments to change that cause inertia are found at the organization, group, and individual levels. (Refer to Figure 10. 1) Organization-Level Resistance to Change Power and conflict: When change causes power struggles and organizational conflict, an organization is likely to resist it. If change benefits one function at the expense of another, conflict impedes the change process. In the old IBM, for example, managers of its mainframe computer division fought off attempts to redirect IBMââ¬â¢s resources to produce the PCs that customers wanted in order to preserve their own power. Differences in functional orientation: This means that different functions and divisions often see the source of a problem differently because they see an issue or problem primarily from their own viewpoint. This tunnel vision increases organizational inertia. Mechanistic structure: Mechanistic structures are more resistant to change. People who work within a mechanistic structure are expected to act in certain ways and do not develop the capacity to adjust their behavior to changing conditions. A mechanistic structure typically develops as an organization grows and is a principal source of inertia, especially in large organizations. The extensive use of mutual adjustment and decentralized authority in an organic structure makes it less resistant to change. Organizational culture: Organizational culture, values, and norms cause resistance to change. If organizational change disrupts taken-for-granted values and norms and forces people to change what they do and how they do it, an organizationââ¬â¢s culture will cause resistance to change. Group-Level Resistance to Change Many groups develop strong informal norms that specify appropriate and inappropriate behaviors and govern the interactions between group members. Often, change alters task and role relationships in a group; when it does, it disrupts group norms and the informal expectations that group members have of one another. As a result, members of a group may resist change because a new set of norms must be developed to meet the needs of the new situation. Group cohesiveness, the attractiveness of a group to its members, also affects group performance. A highly cohesive group may resist attempts by management to change what it does or even who is a member of the group. Groupthink and escalation of commitment also make changing a groupââ¬â¢s behavior very difficult. Individual-Level Resistance to Change People tend to resist change because they feel uncertain and insecure about what its outcome will be. Selective perception and retention suggest that people perceive information consistent with their views. If change doesnââ¬â¢t benefit them, they do not endorse it. Peopleââ¬â¢s preference for familiar actions and events is a further impediment to change. Lewinââ¬â¢s Force-Field Theory of Change Force-field theory is a theory of organizational change that argues that two sets of opposing forces within an organization determine how change will take place. When the forces are evenly balanced, the organization is in a state of inertia and does not change. To get an organization to change, managers must find a way to increase the forces for change, reduce resistance to change, or do both simultaneously. Any of these strategies will overcome inertia and cause an organization to change. (Refer to Figure 10. 2) Managerial Implications Managers must continuously monitor the environment to identify the forces for change. They must analyze how the change will affect the organization and determine which type of change to pursue. 10. 3 Evolutionary and Revolutionary Change in Organizations Evolutionary change refers to change that is gradual, incremental, and specifically focused. It adds small adjustments to strategy and structure to handle environmental changes. Sociotechnical systems theory, total quality management, and the creation of empowered, flexible work groups are three instruments of evolutionary change that organizations use in their attempt to make incremental improvements in the way work gets done. Revolutionary change refers to change that is sudden, drastic, and organization-wide. It has repercussions at all levels in the organizationââ¬âcorporate, divisional, functional, group, and individual. Three ways to implement revolutionary change are reengineering, restructuring, and innovation. Developments in Evolutionary Change: Sociotechnical Systems Theory Sociotechnical systems theory is a theory that proposes the importance of changing role and task or technical relationships to increase organizational effectiveness. It emerged from a study of changing work practices in the British coal-mining industry. The socio-technical systems theory argues that managers need to fit or jointly optimize the workings of the technical and social systems. A poor fit between an organizationââ¬â¢s technology and social system leads to failure, but a close fit leads to success. When managers change task and role relationships, they must recognize the need to adjust the technical and social systems gradually so group norms and cohesiveness are not disrupted. By taking this gradual approach, an organization can avoid the group-level resistance to change. Researchers suggest that a team-oriented system promotes values that enhance efficiency and product quality. Total quality management uses sociotechnical systems theory. Total Quality Management Total quality management (TQM) is a technique developed by W. Edwards Deming to continuously improve the effectiveness of flexible work teams. It was embraced by Japanese companies after World War II. Changes frequently inspired by TQM include altering the design or type of machines used to assemble products and reorganizing the sequence of activitiesââ¬âeither within or between functionsââ¬ânecessary to provide a service to a customer. Changing cross-functional relationships to help improve quality is important in TQM. The changes associated with TQM are changes in task, role, and group relationships. Implementing a TQM program is not always easy because it requires workers and managers to adopt new ways of viewing their roles in an organization. Managers must be willing to decentralize control of decision making, empower workers, and assume the role of facilitator rather than supervisor. The ââ¬Å"command and controlâ⬠model gives way to an ââ¬Å"advise and supportâ⬠model. Flexible Workers and Flexible Work Teams In implementing socio-technical systems theory and TQM, many organizations are finding it easier to achieve their goals by using flexible workers and teams. Flexible workers can be transferred between departments and functions as demand changes. The advantages of flexible workers include quick response to environmental changes; reduced boredom and increased incentives for quality; better understanding by learning one anotherââ¬â¢s tasks; and combining tasks to increase efficiency and reduce costs. A flexible work team is a group of workers who assume responsibility for performing all the operations necessary for completing a specified stage in the manufacturing process. A flexible work team is self-managed; members jointly assign tasks and transfer from one task to another. In a flexible work team, separate teams assemble different components and turn those components over to the final-product work team, which assembles the final product. Each teamââ¬â¢s activities are driven by demands that have their origins in customer demands for the final product. (Refer to Figure 10. 3) Developments in Revolutionary Change: Reengineering The term ââ¬Å"reengineeringâ⬠has been used to refer to the process by which managers redesign how tasks are bundled into roles and functions to improve organizational effectiveness. It involves rethinking business processes, activities that cross functional boundaries. Instead of focusing on an organizationââ¬â¢s functions in isolation from one another, managers make business processes the focus of attention. A business process is an activity that cuts across functional boundaries and is vital to the quick delivery of goods and services or that promotes high quality or low costs. Because reengineering focuses on business processes and not functions, an organization must rethink the way it approaches organizing its activities. A good example of how to use reengineering to increase functional integration comes from attempts to redesign the materials management function to improve its effectiveness. In the traditional functional design the three main components of materials managementââ¬âpurchasing, production control, and distributionââ¬âwere typically in separate functions and had little to do with one another. Thus coordinating their activities is difficult. Each function has its own hierarchy, and there are problems in both vertical and horizontal communication. Today, most organizations put all three of the functional activities involved in the materials management process inside one function. Three guidelines for performing reengineering successfully are as follows: Organize around outcomes, not tasks. 2. Have those who use the output of the process perform the process. 3. Decentralize decision making to the point where the decision is made. Reengineering and TQM are highly interrelated and complementary. E-Engineering This is a term used to refer to companiesââ¬â¢ attempts to use all kinds of information systems to improve performance. The importance of e-engineering is increasing as it changes the way a company organizes its value-creation functions and links them to improve its performance. Restructuring Restructuring is a process by which managers change task and authority relationships and redesign organizational structure and culture to improve organizational effectiveness. Downsizing is the process by which managers streamline the organizational hierarchy and lay off managers and workers to reduce bureaucratic costs. The drive to decrease bureaucratic costs results from competitive pressures. Mergers and acquisitions in many industries, such as banking, have led to downsizing because fewer managers are needed. Other companies have reduced staff to match competitors. The negative effects of downsizing include overworked managers and lost opportunities. Companies that fail to control growth must downsize to remain competitive. The terms anorexic or hollow are used to refer to organizations that downsized too much and have too few managers to help them grow when conditions change. Restructuring, like other change strategies, generates resistance to change. Often, the decision to downsize requires the establishment of new task and role relationships. Because this change may threaten the jobs of some workers, they resist the changes taking place. Innovation Innovation refers to the process by which organizations use their skills and resources to develop new goods and services or to develop new production and operating systems so they can better respond to the needs of their customers. 10. 4 Managing Change: Action Research In Lewinââ¬â¢s view, implementing change is a three-step process: (1) unfreezing the organization from its present state, (2) making the change, and (3) refreezing the organization in the new, desired state so its members do not revert to their previous work attitudes and role behavior. Action research is a strategy for generating and acquiring knowledge that managers can use to define an organizationââ¬â¢s desired future state and to plan a change program that allows the organization to reach that state. Figure 10. 6 highlights the steps in action research. Diagnosis of the Organization The first step in action research requires managers to recognize the existence of a problem that needs to be solved and acknowledge that some type of change is needed to solve it. In general, recognition of the need for change arises because somebody in the organization perceives a gap between desired performance and actual performance. Determining the Desired Future State This step also involves a difficult planning process as managers work out various alternative courses of action that could move the organization to where they would like it to be and determine what type of change to implement. Implementing Action 1. First, managers identify possible impediments to change at all levels. The second step is deciding who will be responsible for actually making the changes and controlling the change process. The choices are to employ either external change agents or internal change agents or use some combination of both. 3. The third step is deciding which specific change strategy will most effectively unfreeze, change, and refreeze the organization. The types of change that these techniques give rise to fall into two categories: Top-down change is implemented by managers at a high level in the organization, knowing that the change will reverberate at all organizational levels. Bottom-up change is implemented by employees at low levels in the organization that gradually rises until it is felt throughout the organization. Evaluating the Action The fourth step in action research is evaluating the action that has been taken and assessing the degree to which the changes have accomplished the desired objectives. The best way to evaluate the change process is to develop measures or criteria that allow managers to assess whether the organization has reached its desired objectives. Institutionalizing Action Research Organizations need to institutionalize action researchââ¬âthat is, make it a required habit or a norm adopted by every member of an organization. The institutionalization of action research is as necessary at the top of the organization as it is on the shop floor. Managerial Implications Managers must develop criteria to evaluate whether a change is necessary, and carefully design a plan that minimizes resistance. 10. 5 Organizational Development Organizational development (OD) is a series of techniques and methods that managers can use in their action research program to increase the adaptability of their organization. The goal of OD is to improve organizational effectiveness and to help people in organizations reach their potential and realize their goals and objectives. OD Techniques to Deal with Resistance to Change Education and Communication: One impediment to change is that participants are uncertain about what is going to happen. Through education and communication, internal and external agents of change can provide organizational members with information about the change and how it will affect them. Participation and Empowerment: Inviting workers to participate in the change process is a popular method of reducing resistance to change. Participation complements empowerment, increases workersââ¬â¢ involvement in decision making, and gives them greater autonomy to change work procedures to improve organizational performance. These are key elements of most TQM programs. People that are involved in the change and decision-making process are more likely to embrace rather than resist. Facilitation: Both managers and workers find change stressful. There are several ways in which organizations can help their members to manage stress: providing them with training to help them learn how to perform new tasks, providing them with time off from work to recuperate from the stressful effects of change, or even giving senior members sabbaticals. Bargaining and Negotiation: Bargaining and negotiation are important tools that help managers manage conflict. Because change causes conflict, bargaining is an important tool in overcoming resistance to change. Manipulation: Sometimes senior managers need to intervene, as politics shows that powerful managers have considerable ability to resist change. Coercion: The ultimate way to eliminate resistance to change is to coerce the key players into accepting change and threaten dire consequences if they choose to resist. The disadvantage is that it can leave people angry and disenchanted and can make the refreezing process difficult. OD Techniques to Promote Change Counseling, Sensitivity Training, and Process Consultation: Recognizing that each individual is different also requires them to be treated or managed differently. Sometimes, counseling will help individuals understand that their own perceptions of a situation may be incorrect. Sensitivity training is an OD technique that consists of intense counseling in which group members, aided by a facilitator, learn how others perceive them and may learn how to deal more sensitively with others. Process consultation is an OD technique in which a facilitator works closely with a manager on the job to help the manager improve his or her interactions with other group members. Team building is an OD technique in which a facilitator first observes the interactions of group members and then helps them become aware of ways to improve their work interactions. The goal of team building is to improve group processes to achieve process gains and reduce process losses that are occurring because of shirking and freeriding. Intergroup training is an OD technique that uses team building to improve the work interactions of different functions or divisions. Its goal is to improve organizational performance by focusing on a functionââ¬â¢s or divisionââ¬â¢s joint activities and output. Organizational mirroring is an OD technique in which a facilitator helps two interdependent groups explore their perceptions and relations in order to improve their work interactions. This technique is designed to get both interdependent groups to see the perspective of the other side. Appreciating othersââ¬â¢ perspectives allows the groups to work together more effectively. Total Organizational Interventions: A variety of OD techniques can be used at the organization level to promote organization-wide change. Organizational confrontation meeting is an OD technique that brings together all of the managers of an organization at a meeting to confront the issue of whether the organization is meeting its goals effectively. Organizational Change free essay sample A look at how organizations manage change. (more)
Saturday, March 14, 2020
Free Essays on Goodnight Desdemona Goodmorning Juliet
Goodnight Desdemona, Good Morning Juliet The production of ââ¬Å"Goodnight Desdemona, Good Morning Julietâ⬠put on by Villanova Universityââ¬â¢s Theater Department captured the essence of Shakespeare combined with the humor of an intertwined modern world. The combination of fine acting, beautiful costumes, and impressive stage presence led to wonderful experience for everyone in the audience. Evident through multiple bursts of laughter and a few straining necks it was obvious that the production was very well received. The most striking cast member had to be Kyla Marie Mostello playing the part of Desdemona. Kyla had an amazing stage presence that immediately drew the eyes of an audience member. Kyla was able to convince the audience that she truly was from another world. Her facial expressions and tone of voice made believing her to be from the world of Othello amazingly easy. When the character of Constance Ledbelly played by Nina Donze explained to Desdemona that she was from another world, a world referred to by Desdemona as ââ¬Å"Academia,â⬠Kyla allowed the audience to believe in her curiosity about this strange world of ââ¬Å"Academia.â⬠Kyla forced the audience to wonder whether she really was curious about this strange new world. Kylaââ¬â¢s presence in the production added tremendously to each audience memberââ¬â¢s overall experience. Not one of the characters stands out as weak link in the production. With exception to Kylaââ¬â¢s standout performance the rest of the characters did a fine job portraying their version of the characters. Taylor Williams playing the part of the Ghost forced to the audience to chuckle on more than one occasion with her amusing body movements, a wink of the eye, or a heart-felt laugh. Taylor opened up the production by getting the whole audience involved. Taylor even briefly interacted with a few audience members. It was clear from their reactions that besides being a bit stage fright the audience membe... Free Essays on Goodnight Desdemona Goodmorning Juliet Free Essays on Goodnight Desdemona Goodmorning Juliet Goodnight Desdemona, Good Morning Juliet The production of ââ¬Å"Goodnight Desdemona, Good Morning Julietâ⬠put on by Villanova Universityââ¬â¢s Theater Department captured the essence of Shakespeare combined with the humor of an intertwined modern world. The combination of fine acting, beautiful costumes, and impressive stage presence led to wonderful experience for everyone in the audience. Evident through multiple bursts of laughter and a few straining necks it was obvious that the production was very well received. The most striking cast member had to be Kyla Marie Mostello playing the part of Desdemona. Kyla had an amazing stage presence that immediately drew the eyes of an audience member. Kyla was able to convince the audience that she truly was from another world. Her facial expressions and tone of voice made believing her to be from the world of Othello amazingly easy. When the character of Constance Ledbelly played by Nina Donze explained to Desdemona that she was from another world, a world referred to by Desdemona as ââ¬Å"Academia,â⬠Kyla allowed the audience to believe in her curiosity about this strange world of ââ¬Å"Academia.â⬠Kyla forced the audience to wonder whether she really was curious about this strange new world. Kylaââ¬â¢s presence in the production added tremendously to each audience memberââ¬â¢s overall experience. Not one of the characters stands out as weak link in the production. With exception to Kylaââ¬â¢s standout performance the rest of the characters did a fine job portraying their version of the characters. Taylor Williams playing the part of the Ghost forced to the audience to chuckle on more than one occasion with her amusing body movements, a wink of the eye, or a heart-felt laugh. Taylor opened up the production by getting the whole audience involved. Taylor even briefly interacted with a few audience members. It was clear from their reactions that besides being a bit stage fright the audience membe...
Thursday, February 27, 2020
The New Alternative Craft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
The New Alternative Craft - Essay Example ââ¬ËDo it yourselfââ¬â¢ principle makes creativity worthwhile because of the limitless in boundaries of creation. The uniqueness of each object surpasses boundaries of taste, color and in many times ethnic boundaries. Through this, there is a big opportunity to reach out to more people and sell more. However, critics have come out guns blazing by questioning the intention of the alternative creators and their intentions. This study will demystify the alternative art and design in the context of the chosen examples. There are several avenues which people who have embraced alternative craft use to get their wares to the markets. These include technologically driven aspects of marketing such as the internet, the mass media, and general exhibition stalls. Some of these websites include etsy.com, from where the paper refers the objects of discussion and others such as getcrafty.com that displays hundreds of alternative creative artistic objects. Additionally, there are other avenues like fairs, markets and display exhibitions. The following segments will look at each of these segments and looks at the dynamics which each of the objects operates. This is one of the contemporary craft objects that not only is unique but severely artistic. The woolen knit i-phone case by Natalya has a design of the modern cell-phone handlers but uses a unique material and make to pass a message (Etsy.com, 2013). The maker uses wool and soft wood that does not incorporate any form of joints but through creative enjoinment. Natalya uses this design to pass a statement about fashion, creativity and lifestyle through unique settings. This design is personalized and customized using readily available materials. The main intention of the maker is to use material and design with alternative measure from the usual ââ¬Ë
Monday, February 10, 2020
5 Star Men Grooming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
5 Star Men Grooming - Essay Example The Art of Shaving was established by Myriam Zaoui and Eric Malka during the year of 1996 and in 2009, the company was acquired by Procter & Gamble (The Art of Shaving, 2013). The Art of Shaving has expanded its distribution operation to 66 locations nationwide and the company has the mission ââ¬Å"to be a household name for generations to comeâ⬠(The Art of Shaving, 2013a). In 2009, Art of Shaving was acquired by Procter & Gamble (promoter of Gillette brand). Five of the existing stores of the company were redesigned by Procter & Gamble and new style quotient like pictures, furniture was added in order to reflect The Art of Shavingââ¬â¢s upscale, menââ¬â¢s club brand image (The Art of Shaving, 2013a). Product portfolio of The Art of Shaving has seven verticals such as 1- Shaving Products- Pre-Shave item, Shaving Soap, Shaving Cream, Shaving Bowls and After-Shave; 2- Shaving Brushes- Silvertip, Fine and Shaving Stands; 3- Razors- Fusion Razors, Straight Razors, Electric S havers, Mach 3 Razors, Blades, Safety Razors; 4- Shaving Sets- Fusion Chrome Collection, Power Shave Collection, Contemporary Shaving Sets, Compact Shaving Sets, Chelsea Collection; 5- Kits & Gifts- skin care kit, 3-piece manicure set, 7-piece manicure set; 6- Grooming & Skincare- Skin Care, Grooming Accessories, Hair Care, Fragrance and 7- Travel- Shaving Products, Lather Goods, Travel Kits (The Art of Shaving, 2013b). ... n those locations where customers can easily find the shops and the company invested significant amount in developing the infrastructure within the store that can grab the attention of customers (Wohl, 2009). After the company has acquired by P&G, it has got the financial backup to finance its strategic and marketing activities such as expanding distribution channel, promoting product offerings etc. After the acquisition, P&G advised The Art of Shaving to offer more customer friendly products and increase privacy of customers visiting the retail store (The Art of Shaving, 2013a). For example, on the basis of advice of P&G, The Art of Shaving improved display containing razors, oils, lotions and started using richer & darker colours in order to attract customers (Wohl, 2009). At present, The Art of Shaving has more than 80% of retail outlets located in big cities or suburban shopping mall locations and the company has also opened outlet inside the upscale stores such as Nordstrom and Bloomingdale (Wohl, 2009). According to report published by Wohl (2009), The Art of Shaving opens on an average 20 to 40 stores in a year and has the plan to expand the brand out of USA within next 5 years. Even before the acquisition, The Art of Shaving worked with P&G for significant number of years and the luxury man grooming company simultaneously used Gillette blades as part of their portfolio (Wohl, 2009). The Art of Shaving uses premium pricing policy in order to reflect the elegance and luxury feelings associated with the brand in some cases, products offered by the company might be dearer by 40 to 50 times. For example, The Art of Shaving sells razor handles at a price range of $100-$500 while customers can buy the complete razor sets at less than $10 from Wal-Mart Stores Inc
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